Types of Alternative Fuel Vehicles

by Guile Canencia

As the new millennium begins, people have never been so eco-conscious. In recent years, the imminent threat of global warming has compelled us to re-consider how we do and make things. This is most especially true when it comes to our daily means of transport — the car — which unfortunately, ranks among the major contributors of air pollution (and noise pollution) in the world. Thankfully, scientists are continuing to explore new ways to address this. One of these is the use of alternative fuel vehicles (AFV).

An AFV is any vehicle that doesn’t run on petrol or diesel fuel, although a car can be considered an AFV if it doesn’t rely exclusively on petroleum to function (like hybrid cars, which rely on petrol fuel and electricity). What are the different kinds of AFV? Let’s find out.

Hybrids. Hybrids use both gasoline and electricity to run. These vehicles normally feature an internal combustion engine and a battery pack which combine to give the vehicle its propulsion power. Hybrid cars have gained popularity over the years — the most common examples are the Toyota Prius and the Honda Insight.

Battery Electric Vehicles. As its name applies, a BEV depends on the power of its battery pack. BEVs are among the cleanest vehicles because they don’t produce any carbon emission at all. Battery types may include nickel cadmium, lithium-ion, zinc-air or lead-acid batteries.

Biofuel Cars. Bioalcohol (or Ethanol) and Biodiesel are two types of biofuels that can be used on automobiles. There are still biofuel cars available today but most prefer the flexible-fuel vehicle.

Flexible-fuel Vehicles. With FFVs, you can use more than one type of alternative fuel. This is possible through the use of a multifuel engine which allows you to mix certain alternative fuels in the tank and is combusted as one. These cars are mostly found in the US and South America.

“Gas”-Powered Cars. Certain types of AFVs also run using compressed natural gas, biogas, liquid petroleum gas (or autogas), nitrogen gas, propane and hydrogen. Usually, these cars are your standard petroleum-using vehicles whose engines are modified to burn the alternative gaseous fuels.

The Solar Car. Solar cars use solar panels in order to harness the power of the sun. This type of AFV has been around for decades but unfortunately, no practical prototype has been developed yet for the masses. Nevertheless, countless solar car contests and races are being held every year and participated in by schools and universities all over the world.

AFVs may be environment-friendly but it has its disadvantages, too. AFVs are still a bit more expensive than the usual cars in the market and the availability of alternative fuels is still very limited. But still, the future promises more developments, new possibilities. Who knows? The first commercially-successful AFV may just be around the corner.

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Preparing Your Car for Winter

A treacherous road condition during winter is a bane to all drivers. Driving through snow and sleet doubles the travel time, or even worse, you and your car can even end up immobilized because of the extreme conditions.

While moving to a region with warmer climate may be the permanent solution, there are always certain precautions that are more realistic and achievable for drivers living in winter lands. To make it through the snow season without major issues, here are a few suggestions:

Check the Battery. Fact: Cold weather decreases the performance of a car’s battery. To avoid this situation, you may want to get a plug-in charger. Plug it in at night and attach it to your battery and in the morning you will be assured of a charged battery. It is also important to have your car’s battery and electrical system tested every once in a while. If the battery is almost 3 years old, it may be a good idea to have it tested at local service stations on a regular basis.

Check your Anti-Freeze. Good anti-freeze protects water in the radiator system against freezing and increases the boiling point of the water in the radiator system. To avoid it from leaking, it’s best to check your anti-freeze a couple of times a year. Experts also advise to change your anti-freeze every 2 to 3 years to keep it from breaking down. Anti-freeze is usually diluted with water following an estimate of 50/50 normal ratio. Check the directions on your specific brand to know the exact proper mix.

Pressure Check for Leaks. Conducting a pressure check can wash away any impurities such as rust that may clog the vehicle’s system. Don’t forget to inspect the cooling system for any visible leaks, especially around the water pump, radiator, hoses, freezing plugs, heater core, and clamps. If you notice that the belts are worn out, replace it right away. Frayed belts cannot drive the water pump, no matter how new or unclogged your system is.

Oil. Synthetic oil works well in both low and high temperatures. While conventional oil might lose its viscosity during the bitter cold months, the chemical makeup of synthetic oil keeps the lubrication fluid from freezing up, resulting to better lubrication of engine parts.

Tires. You may want to switch to all weather tires or get specially made snow tires for better handling when driving through the slippery and snowy roads. Keep your regular tires though because all weather tires are not advisable for prolonged normal road use. You can also attach snow chains to tires for increased traction.

Windshield Blades. Proper windshield blades can save you from a snowstorm as much as a good engine and cooling system can. Remember that visibility is the key to accident avoidance.

As for you, it’s best to keep a flashlight, a cell phone, and a medical kit in your car, just in case the weather is too much to bear for your vehicle. Think of survival, so pile up on essential items that will help you get through any unforeseen accidents or situations while driving until the winter season ends.

by Bianca Villares

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Driving and Cell phone Use: Identifying the hazards involved

If you think that driving under the influence of alcohol is still the most dangerous thing you can do behind the wheel, think again. Recent statistics show that driving while talking on a cell phone is just as deadly.

Millions of drivers worldwide talk on their hand-held phones daily. So why is it a problem? Cell phones are a proven distraction and according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in the United States, cell phone use accounts for more than 25 percent of all police-reported traffic accidents. And this doesn’t even take into account the thousands of accidents that go unreported.

Of course, drivers who are avid cell phone users do take reports like these with a grain of salt. Wireless-phone proponents contend that talking on a cell phone while driving is just as hazardous (or non-hazardous) as, for instance, changing your radio station or flipping from one CD to the next. And with the advent of hands-free phones equipped with Bluetooth technology, it’s easy to brush off the dangers of driving while talking (on the phone) as a gross exaggeration.

There is no denying the advantages of carrying a cell phone in the car: you can call the office when you’re running late, phone loved ones while stewing in traffic, or call for roadside assistance in case of engine or car trouble.

But just the same, the hazards brought about by using cell phones while driving cannot be readily dismissed. After all, the use of cell phones while driving has already been banned in countries like Australia, Spain, Israel, Portugal, Italy, Brazil, Chile, Switzerland, Great Britain, Singapore, Taiwan, Sweden, Japan, and Austria.

Keeping this in mind, here are some cell phone safety tips that might just prove to be lifesavers:

1. Never read or write text messages while driving.
2. Program frequently called numbers into your phone's memory allowing you to keep dialing to a minimum.
3. If you must dial when the car is moving, hold the phone at eye level so you will have a clear view of the road.
4. Do not make emotional phone calls while driving.
5. Position your phone within easy reach.
6. Suspend calls in heavy traffic or in bad weather — you need to focus even more under hazardous conditions.
7. Keep conversations short. Inform the person you're calling that you are in a car, and hang up as soon as possible.
8. If possible, place calls when you are not moving. Pull over where possible.
9. Ask a passenger to help. Have someone else make or take the call.

It’s still a lot better to err on the side of safety.

by: Mark Lorenzana

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